/** * 数组 */ transient Node<K,V>[] table; /** * 链表结构 */ static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> { final int hash; final K key; V value; Node<K,V> next; Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) { this.hash = hash; this.key = key; this.value = value; this.next = next; } public final K getKey() { return key; } public final V getValue() { return value; } public final String toString() { return key "=" value; } public final int hashCode() { return Objects.hashCode(key) ^ Objects.hashCode(value); } public final V setValue(V newValue) { V oldValue = value; value = newValue; return oldValue; } public final boolean equals(Object o) { if (o == this) return true; if (o instanceof Map.Entry) { Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o; if (Objects.equals(key, e.getKey()) && Objects.equals(value, e.getValue())) return true; } return false; } } /** * 红黑树结构 */ static final class TreeNode<K,V> extends LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> { TreeNode<K,V> parent; // red-black tree links TreeNode<K,V> left; TreeNode<K,V> right; TreeNode<K,V> prev; // needed to unlink next upon deletion boolean red; ...
/** * 构造方法 1 * * 通过 指定的 initialCapacity 和 loadFactor 实例化一个空的 HashMap 对象 */ public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) { if (initialCapacity < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " initialCapacity); if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY; if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " loadFactor); this.loadFactor = loadFactor; this.threshold = tableSizeFor(initialCapacity); } /** * 构造方法 2 * * 通过指定的 initialCapacity 和 默认的 loadFactor(0.75) 实例化一个空的 HashMap 对象 */ public HashMap(int initialCapacity) { this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR); } /** * 构造方法 3 * * 通过默认的 initialCapacity 和 默认的 loadFactor(0.75) 实例化一个空的 HashMap 对象 */ public HashMap() { this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; // all other fields defaulted } /** * * 构造方法 4 * 通过指定的 Map 对象实例化一个 HashMap 对象 */ public HashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) { this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; putMapEntries(m, false); }
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap(); map.put("name", "张三"); map.put("age", 21); // 后续操作 ...
/** * Initializes or doubles table size. If null, allocates in * accord with initial capacity target held in field threshold. * Otherwise, because we are using power-of-two expansion, the * elements from each bin must either stay at same index, or move * with a power of two offset in the new table. * * @return the table */ final Node<K,V>[] resize() { Node<K,V>[] oldTab = table; // 第一次 put 的时候,table = null int oldCap = (oldTab == null) ? 0 : oldTab.length; // oldCap = 0 int oldThr = threshold; // threshold=0, oldThr = 0 int newCap, newThr = 0; if (oldCap > 0) { // 条件不满足,往下走 if (oldCap >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) { threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE; return oldTab; } else if ((newCap = oldCap << 1) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && oldCap >= DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY) newThr = oldThr << 1; // double threshold } else if (oldThr > 0) // initial capacity was placed in threshold newCap = oldThr; else { // zero initial threshold signifies using defaults 走到这里,进行默认初始化 newCap = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY; // DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4 = 16, newCap = 16; newThr = (int)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR * DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY); // newThr = 0.75 * 16 = 12; } if (newThr == 0) { // 条件不满足 float ft = (float)newCap * loadFactor; newThr = (newCap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ? (int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE); } threshold = newThr; // threshold = 12; 重置阀值为12 @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"}) Node<K,V>[] newTab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[newCap]; // 初始化 newTab, length = 16; table = newTab; // table 初始化完成, length = 16; if (oldTab != null) { // 此时条件不满足,后续扩容的时候,走此if分支 将数组元素复制到新数组 for (int j = 0; j < oldCap; j) { Node<K,V> e; if ((e = oldTab[j]) != null) { oldTab[j] = null; if (e.next == null) newTab[e.hash & (newCap - 1)] = e; else if (e instanceof TreeNode) ((TreeNode<K,V>)e).split(this, newTab, j, oldCap); else { // preserve order Node<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null; Node<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null; Node<K,V> next; do { next = e.next; if ((e.hash & oldCap) == 0) { if (loTail == null) loHead = e; else loTail.next = e; loTail = e; } else { if (hiTail == null) hiHead = e; else hiTail.next = e; hiTail = e; } } while ((e = next) != null); if (loTail != null) { loTail.next = null; newTab[j] = loHead; } if (hiTail != null) { hiTail.next = null; newTab[j oldCap] = hiHead; } } } } } return newTab; // 新数组 }
/** * Implements Map.put and related methods * * @param hash hash for key * @param key the key * @param value the value to put * @param onlyIfAbsent if true, don't change existing value * @param evict if false, the table is in creation mode. * @return previous value, or null if none */ final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent, boolean evict) { Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i; if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0) n = (tab = resize()).length; if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null) tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null); else { Node<K,V> e; K k; if (p.hash == hash && ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) e = p; else if (p instanceof TreeNode) e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value); else { for (int binCount = 0; ; binCount) { if ((e = p.next) == null) { p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null); if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st treeifyBin(tab, hash); break; } if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) break; p = e; } } if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key V oldValue = e.value; if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null) e.value = value; afterNodeAccess(e); return oldValue; } } modCount; if ( size > threshold) // 当size(已存放元素个数) > thrshold(阀值),进行扩容 resize(); afterNodeInsertion(evict); return null; }
/** * Initializes or doubles table size. If null, allocates in * accord with initial capacity target held in field threshold. * Otherwise, because we are using power-of-two expansion, the * elements from each bin must either stay at same index, or move * with a power of two offset in the new table. * * @return the table */ final Node<K,V>[] resize() { Node<K,V>[] oldTab = table; // 此时的 table != null,oldTab 指向旧的 table int oldCap = (oldTab == null) ? 0 : oldTab.length; // oldCap = table.length; 第一次扩容时是 16 int oldThr = threshold; // threshold=12, oldThr = 12; int newCap, newThr = 0; if (oldCap > 0) { // 条件满足,走此分支 if (oldCap >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) { threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE; return oldTab; } else if ((newCap = oldCap << 1) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && // oldCap左移一位; newCap = 16 << 1 = 32; oldCap >= DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY) newThr = oldThr << 1; // double threshold // newThr = 12 << 1 = 24; } else if (oldThr > 0) // initial capacity was placed in threshold newCap = oldThr; else { // zero initial threshold signifies using defaults newCap = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY; // DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4 = 16, newCap = 16; newThr = (int)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR * DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY); } if (newThr == 0) { // 条件不满足 float ft = (float)newCap * loadFactor; newThr = (newCap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ? (int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE); } threshold = newThr; // threshold = newThr = 24; 重置阀值为 24 @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"}) Node<K,V>[] newTab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[newCap]; // 初始化 newTab, length = 32; table = newTab; // table 指向 newTab, length = 32; if (oldTab != null) { // 扩容后,将 oldTab(旧table) 中的元素移到 newTab(新table)中 for (int j = 0; j < oldCap; j) { Node<K,V> e; if ((e = oldTab[j]) != null) { oldTab[j] = null; if (e.next == null) newTab[e.hash & (newCap - 1)] = e; // else if (e instanceof TreeNode) ((TreeNode<K,V>)e).split(this, newTab, j, oldCap); else { // preserve order Node<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null; Node<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null; Node<K,V> next; do { next = e.next; if ((e.hash & oldCap) == 0) { if (loTail == null) loHead = e; else loTail.next = e; loTail = e; } else { if (hiTail == null) hiHead = e; else hiTail.next = e; hiTail = e; } } while ((e = next) != null); if (loTail != null) { loTail.next = null; newTab[j] = loHead; } if (hiTail != null) { hiTail.next = null; newTab[j oldCap] = hiHead; } } } } } return newTab; }
static final int hash(Object key) { int h; return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16); // 这里的处理,有兴趣的可以琢磨下;能够减少碰撞 }
// put table[h % table.length] = value; // get e = table[h % table.length];
1&1=1; 0&1=0; 1&0=0; 0&0=0;
1010&1111=1010; => 10&15=10; 1011&1111=1011; => 11&15=11; 01010&10000=00000; => 10&16=0; 01011&10000=00000; => 11&16=0;
/** * Returns a power of two size for the given target capacity. * 返回 >= cap 最小的 2^n * cap = 10, 则返回 2^4 = 16; * cap = 5, 则返回 2^3 = 8; */ static final int tableSizeFor(int cap) { int n = cap - 1; n |= n >>> 1; n |= n >>> 2; n |= n >>> 4; n |= n >>> 8; n |= n >>> 16; return (n < 0) ? 1 : (n >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : n 1; }